Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

A Medical Endoscope is an optical instrument used for direct visualization of internal organs and body cavities for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Flexible endoscopes navigate the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and urinary tract, while rigid endoscopes are used for laparoscopy, arthroscopy, and cystoscopy. Integrated working channels allow passage of instruments for biopsy, polypectomy, hemostasis, and stent placement. Essential for cancer screening, minimally invasive surgery, and management of bleeding and obstruction, endoscopy has transformed the diagnosis and treatment of diseases across multiple medical specialties.