Pasma

Vaginal Speculum are sterile (disposable) or reusable (stainless steel) bivalve instruments designed to retract the vaginal walls, providing visualization and access to the cervix and vaginal canal for gynecologic examination and procedures. The Graves speculum features broad, curved blades for adult multiparous patients; the Pederson speculum has narrower, flatter blades for nulliparous, postmenopausal, or adolescent patients. Disposable plastic specula eliminate cross-contamination risk and are available with integrated LED illumination; reusable stainless-steel specula are durable, autoclavable, and cost-effective in high-volume settings. Essential functions include Pap smear collection, cervical cultures, IUD insertion/removal, colposcopy, endometrial biopsy, and evaluation of pelvic pathology. Critical safety imperatives include appropriate size selection, generous lubrication (except when contraindicated for cytology), gentle insertion following the natural angle of the vagina, warming of metal specula to body temperature, and strict single-use protocol for disposable devices or validated reprocessing for reusable instruments. An indispensable tool in women's healthcare.